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Russ Richardson measuring popliteal blood flow (Doppler) during and following plantar flexion exercise with partial ischemia (blood pressure cuff) in a patient with chronic heart failure. |
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Russell St. John Richardson, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine |
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Video of single leg knee-extensor exercise, which has been and continues to be used as an excellent model in which to study isolated muscle in vivo in humans. |
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Human study: Russ Richardson making blood flow measurements on an exercising cyclist. |
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1. Academic Preparation
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Fellowship: |
Department of Medicine
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Graduate: |
University of Utah,
Salt Lake City, UT
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Colorado State University Fort Collins
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Loughborough University England
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Undergraduate: |
West London Institute of Higher Education |
2. Honors and Awards
Research Fellowship, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1990-1992.
Dr. G. Arthur Brotein Young Scholars Award, Western College Physical Education Society, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1991.
N.P. Neilson Scholarship, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1991.
Trisphere Student Award Finalist, South West American College of Sports Medicine, San Diego, CA, 1992.
American Lung Association Research Training Fellowship, 1994-1996.
Parker B. Francis Training Fellowship, 1995-1998.
Journal of Applied Physiology Editorial Board 2000-2002.
3. Professional Experience
2000 Associate Professor of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
1999 Research Scientist VAMC, La Jolla, CA
1997-00 Assistant Professor of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
1996 Lecturer, Department of Biology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
1995-97 Assistant Research Physiologist, Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, CA
1992-95 Post Doctoral Fellow, University of California, Medicine, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
1992-92 Visiting Researcher, Tom Landry Sports Medicine Research Center, UT South Western, Dallas, TX
1990-92 Research Assistant, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
1989-90 Teaching Assistant, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
1987-89 Teaching Assistant, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
1986-87 High School Science Teacher, Bluecoats Grammar School Nottingham, England
4. Journal Reviewer
American Journal of Physiology
Journal of Applied Physiology.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.
TEACHING:
1. Teaching Experience
Sports medicine and exercise physiology (Medical School) Respiratory physiology (Medical School), mammalian physiology (Biology Department), graduate level physiology, graduate level laboratory instrumentation, computer applications, undergraduate nutrition, undergraduate physiology, biology O' and A' level classes, physical education classes.
RESEARCH:
1. Grants Awarded:
Johnson, S.C., Richardson, R.S., Seifert, J.G., & White, A.T. Physiological Assessment of the U.S. Ski Team. VISA Gold Medal Program, 1991.
Seifert, J.G., Richardson,R.S., Johnson, S.C., & White, A.T. Fluid Balance During Alpine Skiing. The Quaker Oats Company, Chicago, Illinois & Snowbird Ski Resort, UT, 1991.
Richardson, R.S. The Effect of a Triathlon Wet Suit on the Energy Cost of Swimming at a Constant Rate. Body Glove International Ltd, Hermosa Beach, CA, 1992.
Richardson, R.S. Gradient from hemoglobin to myoglobin-associated PO2in man. American Lung Association of California, Oakland, CA, 1994.
Richardson, R.S. Oxygen transport and utilization in health and disease. American lung association, New York, NY, 1995.
Richardson, R.S. Limitations to oxygen transport in health and disease. Parker B. Francis Fellowship Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, 1995-1998
Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Diaphragm microgeometry and function: Impact of disease. National Institute of Health: Heart and Lung. Program Project (Project #3) 1995-2000.
Richardson, R.S. Oxygen transport and utilization: The effect of age. National Institute of Health: Heart and Lung. Program Project (Project # 3) 2000-2005.
Haseler, L.J., Richardson, R.S. Skeletal muscle function in Chronic Heart Failure. American Heart Association, 1999-2001.
Gavin, T.P., Wagner, P.D., Richardson, R.S. Skeletal muscle structure and function in COPD. Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, 1999-2002.
Richardson, R.S. The effect of age on the control of skeletal muscle blood flow and metabolism. UC, San Diego Academic Senate Research Grant, 2001-2002
Richardson, R.S. LX multi-nuclear spectroscopy package. National Institute of Health: Instrumentation. 2000-2001.
Haseler, L.J., Wagner, P.D., Richardson, R.S. Skeletal muscle function in COPD. Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program, 2001-2004.
2. Publications.
Articles:.
1. Richardson, R.S., Johnson, S.C., and Walker, J.A. (1991). Heart rate and oxygen consumption relationship changes following intense training. Sports Med., Training, and Rehab. 3:105-111.
2. Richardson, R.S. and Johnson, S.C. (1993). The effect of aerodynamic handlebars on oxygen consumption while cycling at a constant Speed. Ergonomics37 (5):859-863.
3. Richardson, R.S., and Tucker, A. (1993). Muscular strength capacity and altitude response. Japanese Journal of Physiology 43:75-85.
4. Richardson, R.S., Johnson, S.C., Porretta J.M., Seifert, J.G., and White, A.T. (1993). Capillary blood lactate concentrations in elite skiers during a series of on-snow downhill ski runs. The J. of Strength and Cond. Res. 7(3):168-171.
5. Richardson, R.S. (1993). The hazards of active and passive smoking. N. Engl. J. Med. 328(21):1580-1581.
6. Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Knight, D.R., Kurdak, S.S., Hogan, M.C., Grassi, B., Johnson, E.C., Kendrick, K., Erickson, B.K., and Wagner, P.D. (1993). High muscle blood flow in man: Is maximal O2 extraction compromised? J. Appl. Physiol. 75(4):1911-1916.
7. Kendrick, K., Chance, B., and Richardson, R.S. (1993). Relative deoxygenation in the vastus lateralis. in Photon Migration and Imaging in Random Media and Tissues. Chance, B and Alfano, R (eds). The International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Proceedings. 1888:473-478.
8. Hogan, M.C., Richardson, R.S., and Kurdak, S.S. (1994). Initial fall in skeletal muscle force development during ischemia is related to O2availability. J. Appl. Physiol. 77(4):2380-2384.
9. Hogan, M.C., Kurdak, S.S., and Richardson, R.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Partial substitution of red blood cells with free hemoglobin solution does not improve maximal O2uptake of working in situ dog muscle. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 361:375-378.
10. Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Knight, D.R., Kurdak, S.S., Hogan, M.C., Grassi, B., Johnson, E.C., Erickson, B., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Determinants of maximal exercise O2during single leg knee extensor exercise in man. Am. J. Physiol. 268:H1453-H1461.
11. Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Knight, D.R., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Red blood cell transit time: Theoretical effects of capillary density. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 361:517-528.
12. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Kendrick, K.F., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). Myoglobin desaturation during exercise: Evidence of limited O2 transport. J. Clin. Invest. 96:1916-1926.
13. Richardson, R.S., Kennedy, B., Knight, D.R., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). High muscle blood flows are not attenuated by recruitment of additional muscle mass. Am. J. Physiol. 269:H1545-1552.
14. Wagner, P.D., Erickson, B.K., Kubo, K., Hiraga, A., Kai, M., Yamaya, Y., Richardson, R.S., and Seaman, J. (1995). Maximum oxygen transport and utilization before and after splenectomy. Equine Veterinary Journal 18:82-89.
15. Eldridge, M.W., Podolsky, A., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Johnson, E.C., Hopkins, S.R., Michimata, H., Grassi, B., Feiner, J., Kurdak, S.S., Bickler, P., Wagner, P.D., and Severinghaus, J. (1995). Pulmonary hemodynamics responses to hypoxia and exercise in individuals susceptible to high altitude pulmonary edema. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:911-921.
16. Podolsky, A., Eldridge, M.W., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Johnson, E.C., Hopkins, S.R., Michimata, H., Grassi, B., Feiner, J., Kurdak, S.S., Bickler, P., Wagner, P.D., and Severinghaus, J. (1995). Relationship of high altitude pulmonary edema to exercise-induced VA/Q inequality. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:922-932.
17. Richardson, R.S., Verstraete, D., Schultz, W., Johnson, S.C., Luetkemeier, M.J., and Stray-Gundersen, J. (1996). Evidence of a secondary hypervolemia in trained man following acute high intensity exercise. Int. J. Sports Med. 17:243-247.
18. Grassi, B., Poole, D.C., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Erickson, B.K., and Wagner, P.D. (1996). Muscle O2uptake kinetics in humans: Implications for metabolic control. J. Appl. Physiol. 80:988-998.
19. Hopkins, S.R., Johnson, E.C, Richardson, R.S., Wagner, H., De Rosa, M., and Wagner, P.D. (1997). Effects of inhaled NO on gas exchange in lungs with shunt or poorly ventilated areas. Am. J. Crit. Care Med. 156:484-491.
20. Poole, D.C., and Richardson, R.S. (1997). Determinants of oxygen uptake: implications for VO2max testing. Sports Med. 24:308-320.
21. Richardson, R.S., and Saltin, B. (1998). Human muscle blood flow and metabolism studied in the isolated quadriceps muscles. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:28-33.
22. Richardson, R.S. (1998). Oxygen transport: Air to muscle cell. Med. Sci Sports Exerc. 30:53-59.
23. Richardson, R.S., Frank, L.R., and Haseler, L.J. (1998). Dynamic knee-extensor and cycle exercise: Functional MRI of muscular activity. Int. J. Sports Med. 19:182-187.
24. Richardson, R.S., Tagor, S.K., Haseler, L.J. Jordan, M., and Wagner, P.D. (1998). Increased VO2max with right-shifted Hb-O2 dissociation curve at a constant O2 delivery in dog muscle in situ. J. Applied Physiol. 84:995-1002.
25. Richardson, R.S., Leek, B.T., Wagner, P.D., and Kritchevsky, M. (1998). Transient global amnesia: A complication of maximal graded exercise testing. Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 30:S403-405.
26. Haseler, L.J., Richardson, R.S., Videen, J.S., and Hogan, M.C. (1998). Phosphocreatine hydrolysis during submaximal exercise: The effect of FIO2. J. Applied Physiol. 85:1457-1463.
27. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1998). Lactate efflux from exercising human skeletal muscle: Role of intracellular PO2. J. Applied Physiol. 85:627-634.
28. Richardson, R.S., Grassi, B., Gavin, T.P., Haseler, L.J., Tagore, K., Roca, J., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Evidence of O2 supply-dependent VO2max in the exercise-trained human quadriceps. J. Applied Physiol. 86:1048-1053.
29. Hogan, M.C., Richardson, R.S., and Haseler, L.J. (1999). Human muscle performance and Pcr hydrolysis with varied inspired oxygen fractions: A 31P-MRS study. J. Applied Physiol. 86:1367-1374.
30. Richardson, R.S., Grassi, B., Gavin, T.P., Haseler, L.J., Tagore, K., Roca, J., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Evidence of O2 supply-dependent VO2max in the exercise-trained human quadriceps. J. Applied Physiol. 86:1048-1053.
31. Haseler, L.J., Hogan, M.C., and Richardson, R.S. (1999). Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery in exercise trained humans is dependent on O2availability. J. Applied Physiol. 86:2013-1018.
32. Richardson, R.S. (1999). Skeletal muscle dysfunction versus muscle disuse in patients with COPD. J. Applied Physiol. 86:1751-1752.
33. Richardson, R.S., Sheldon, J., Poole, D.C., Hopkins, S.R., Ries, A.L., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Evidence of skeletal muscle metabolic reserve during whole body exercise in patients with COPD. Am. J. Resp. Med. and Crit. Care Med. 159:1-5.
34 Richardson, R.S. (2000). Intracellular PO2 and bioenergetic measurements in skeletal muscle: The role of exercise paradigm. Am. J. Phsyiol. 278:R1111-R1113.
35. Richardson, R.S. (2000). What governs skeletal muscle VO2max? New Evidence. Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 32:100-107.
36., Richardson, R.S., Harms, C.A., Grassi, B., and Hepple, R.T. (2000). Skeletal muscle: Master or slave of the cardiovascular system? Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 32:89-93.
37. Richardson, R.S., Wagner, P.D., and Noyszewski, E.A. (1999). Cellular PO2 as a determinant of maximal mitochondrial O2 consumption in trained human skeletal muscle. J. Applied Physiol. 87:325-33.
38. Richardson, R.S., Wagner, H., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry, R., Noyszewski, E.A., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Human VEGF gene expression in skeletal muscle: The effect of acute normoxic and hypoxic exercise. Am. J. Physiol. 277:H2247-H2252.
39. Richardson, R.S., Wagner, H., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry, R., Noyszewski, E.A., and Wagner, P.D. (2000). Exercise adaptation attenuates VEGF expression in human skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 279:H772-H778.
40. Conley, K.E., Ordway, G.A., and Richardson, R.S. (2000). Deciphering the mysteries of myoglobin in striated muscle. Acta Physiol. Scand. 168:623-634.
41. Richardson, R.S. (2000). Complementary studies of exercised-induced angiogenic growth factors in human skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 279(6):H3146-H3147.
42., Leek, B.T., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry, R., Mathieu-Costello, O., and Richardson, R.S. (2001). Effect of acute exercise on citrate synthase activity in untrained and trained human skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 280:R441-R447.
43. González-Alonso, J., Richardson, R.S., and Saltin, B. (2001). Exercising muscle blood flow in humans responds to a reduction in arterial oxyhaemoglobin, but not altered free oxygen. J. Physiol. 530:331-334.
44. Richardson, R.S., Haseler, L.J., Bluml, S., Nygren, A.T., and Frank, L.R. (2001). Local perfusion and metabolic demand during exercise: A non-invasive MRI method of assessment. J. Applied Physiol. 91:1845-1853.
45. Richardson, R.S., Newcomer, S.C., and Noyszewski, E.A. (2001). Skeletal muscle intracellular PO2 assessed by myoglobin desaturation: response to graded exercise. J. Applied Physiol. 91:2679-2685.
46. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Haseler, L.J., Bluml, S., and Frank, L.R. (2002). Evolving techniques for the investigation of muscle bioenergetics and oxygenation. Biochemical Society Transactions 30:232-237.
47. Richardson, R.S., Saltin, B., and González-Alonso, J. (2002). Effect of mild carboxy-hemoglobin on exercising skeletal muscle: intravascular and intracellular evidence. Am. J. Physiol. R1131-R1139.
48. Wisloff, U., Richardson, R.S., and Brubakk, A.O. (2003). NOS-inhibition increases bubble formation and reduces survival in sedentary, but not exercised rats. J. Physiol. 546.2:577-582.
49. Poole, J.G., Lawrenson, L., Kim, J., Brown, C., and Richardson R.S. (2003). Vascular and metabolic response to cycle exercise in sedentary humans: The effect of age. Am. J. Physiol. 284:H1251-H1259.
50. Bailey, D.M., Davies, B., Young, I.S., Jackson, M.J., Davison, G.W., Isaacson, R., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). EPR spectroscopic detection of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans. J. Applied Physiol. 94:1714-1718.
51. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Kim, J., Brown, C., and Richardson R.S. (2003). Vascular and metabolic response to isolated small muscle mass exercise: The effect of age. Am. J. Physiol. 285:H1023-H1031.
52. Richardson, R.S., Leek, B.T., Gavin, T.P., Haseler, L.J., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry, R., Ries, A.L., Mathieu-Costello, O. and Wagner, P.D. (2003). Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative efficiency in COPD, but normal peak Vo2. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 169:H89-H96.
53. Richardson, R.S. (2003). Oxygen transport and utilization: an integration of the muscle systems. Adv. Physiol. Educ. 27:183-91.
54. Bailey, D.M., Davies, B., Young, B., Jackson, M.J., Davison, G.W., Isaacson, R., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). EPR spectroscopic evidence of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans; functional role of decreasing intracellular Po2 vs. increasing O2 flux. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 540:297-203.
55. Lawrenson, L., Hoff, J., and Richardson, R.S. (2004). Aging attenuates vascular and metabolic plasticity but does not limit improvement in muscle Vo2max. Am. J. Physiol. 286:H1565-H1572.
56. Wisloff, U., Richardson, R.S., and Brubakk, A.O. (2004). Exercise and nitric oxide prevent bubble formation: a novel approach to the prevention of decompression sickness. J. Physiol. 555:825-829.
57. Bailey, D.M., Young, I.S., McEneny, J., Lawrenson, L., Kim, J., Barden, J., and Richardson, R.S. (2004). Regulation of free radical outflow from an isolated muscle bed in exercising humans. Am. J. Physiol. 287:H1689-1699.
58. Haseler, L.J., Kindig, C.A., Richardson, R.S., and Hogan, M.C. (2004). The role O2 in determining phosphocreatine onset kinetics in exercising humans J. Physiol. 558(3):985-992.
59. Haseler, L.J., Lin, A., and Richardson, R.S. (2004). Skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in sedentary humans: 31P MRS of O2 supply and demand limitations. J. Appl. Physiol. 97:1077-1081.
60. Bailey, D.M., Ainslie, P., Jackson, S.K., Richardson, R.S. and Ghatei, M. (2004). Evidence against redox-regulation of energy homeostasis in humans at high-altitude. Clin. Sci 107:589-600.
61. Duteil, S., Bourrilhon, C., Raynaud, J.S., Wary, C., Richardson, R.S., Leroy-Willig, A., Jouanin, J.C., Guezennec, C.Y., and Carlier, P.G. (2004). Metabolic and vascular support for the role of myoglobin in humans: a multiparmetric NMR study. Am. J. Physiol. 287:R1441-R1449.
3. Chapters:.
1. Richardson, R.S. (1991). Testing the elite athlete, in United States Olympic Committee, Olympic USA: A Team Effort, XV;149-153.
2. Wagner, P.D., Eldridge, M., Podolsky, A., Richardson, R.S., Johnson, D.H., Knight, D.R., Johnson, E.C., Hopkins, S.R., Michimata, H., Grassi, B., Feiner, J., Kurdak, S.S., Bickler, P.E., and Severinghaus, J. (1995). Elevated wedge pressure in HAPE-susceptable subjects during exercise. Hypoxia and the Brain. Eds. Sutton, J.R. Houston, C.S., andCoates, G. Queen City Printers, Inc., Burlington, VT., Chapter 21 251-264.
3. Richardson, R.S. (2001). VEGF gene expression and exercise training adaptation. Exercise Nutrition and Environmental Stress Volume 2. Eds Hiroshi Nose, Cooper Publishing Traverse City, MI., Chapter 5.
4. Abstracts:.
1. Spiegel, E.A., Sockler, J.A., Harris, M., Kennedy, C., and Richardson, R.S. (1991). The Effect of Sodium Citrate and Sodium Bicarbonate on Acid Base Changes and 200 yard Swim Times. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23(4):S106.
2. Johnson, S.C., Richardson, R.S., and Shultz, B.B. (1991). The Effect of Aerodynamic Handlebars on the Energy Cost of Cycling at a Constant Speed. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 23(4):S76.
3. Richardson, R.S., Walker, J.A., Kendrick, K., and Johnson, S.C. (1992). Relationship Between Running Economy at Three Velocities, Ventilatory Threshold, Maximal Oxygen Consumption, and 5 KM Performance in Elite Runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 24(5):S122.
4. Richardson, R.S., Johnson, S.C., White, A.T., and Seifert, J.D. (1992). Serial Lactates In Elite Alpine Skiers. Sports Medicine, Training, and Rehabilitation 3(3):220.
5. Richardson, R.S., Johnson, S.C., Reid, R., Fahrenbach, B.W., Porretta, J.M., and Miller, D. (1992). Temperature and O2while swimming in a wetsuit. Sports Medicine, Training, and Rehabilitation 3(3):223.
6. Wagner, P.D., Erickson, B.K., Seaman, J., Richardson, R.S., Kubo, K., Hiraga, A., Kai, M., and Yamaya, Y. (1993). Effect of splenectomy (SPLNX) on O2max in the horse. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25:S7.
7. Richardson, R.S., Verstraete, D., Hochstein, A., Schultz, W., Johnson, S.C., Luetkemeier M.J., and Stray-Gundersen, J. (1993). The Role of Hypervolemia and Stroke Volume in the Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption Relationship Following Intense Training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25:S104.
8. Erickson, B.K., Kubo, K., Hiraga, A., Kai, M., Yamaya, Y., Richardson, R.S., Seaman, J., and Wagner, P.D. (1993). Hemodynamic consequences of splenectomy (SPLNX) in the horse. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25:S7.
9. Podolsky, A., Eldridge, M., Knight, D., Poole, D., Richardson, R.S., Johnson, D., Johnson, C., Bickler, P., Wagner, P., and Severinghaus, J. (1993). Pulmonary gas exchange after two days at high altitude. Federation for American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 7:A21.
10. Hogan, M.C., Richardson, R.S., and Kurdak, S. (1993). Immediate decline in muscle force development during ischemia is related to O2 availability and not just blood flow reduction. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 7:A225.
11. Richardson, R.S., Verstraete, D., Hochstein, A., Schultz, W., Johnson, S.C., Luetkemeier, M.J., and Stray-Gundersen, J., (1993). A hydration regimen, validated with plasma and urine osmolalities, for fluid balance studies. Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 7:A445.
12. Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Knight, D.R., Kurdak, S.S., Hogan, M.C., Grassi, B., Johnson, E.C., Erickson, B.K., and Wagner, P.D. (1993). High muscle blood flow and O2 extraction in man. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation. 4:318.
13. Knight, D.R., Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Hogan, M.C., Kurdak, S.S., Erickson, B.K., Johnson, E.C., Grassi, B., and Wagner, P.D. (1993). Acid release by quadriceps muscle at peak effort. Sports Medicine, Training and Rehabilitation. 4:312.
14. Porretta, J.M., Barton, R.G., Saffle, J.R., Mone, M., and Richardson, R.S. (1994). Serious ski injuries at an intermountain multi-hospital trauma complex: A three year experience. Journal of Trauma. 36:153.
15. Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Knight, D.R., Kurdak, S.S., Hogan, M.C., Grassi, B., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Hypoxic and normoxic O2max during single leg knee-extensor exercise in man. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:S164.
16. Knight, D.R., Erickson, B.K., Richardson, R.S., Poole, D.C., Grassi, B., Struthers, J., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Measurement of transitional blood flows in the leg. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 23:S162.
17. Podolsky, A., Eldridge, M., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Johnson, E.C., Hopkins, S.R., Michimata, H., Grassi, B., Uribe, J.M., Poole, D.C., Bickler, P., Severinghaus, J., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Relationship between susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema and to exercise induced ventilation-perfusion mismatch. American Review of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 148:A818.
18. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Kendrick, K.F., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1994). Evidence for a substantial PO2 gradient from blood to myoglobin during maximal quadriceps exercise in normal man. Clin. Res. 42:254A.
19. Eldridge, M.W., Johnson, D.H., Podolsky, A., Richardson, R.S., Severinghaus, J.W., and Hill, H.R. (1994). Evidence of immunological mediator activation with exposure to high altitude. American Review of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 148:A298.
20. Richardson, R.S., Sheldon, J., Poole, D.C., Hopkins, S.R., Ries, A.L., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). 100% O2 increases quadriceps work capacity in patients with COPD. American Review of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151:A254.
21. Hopkins, S.R., Richardson, R.S., Johnson, E.C., De Rosa, M., and Wagner P.D. (1995). Effects of nitric oxide on gas exchange in lungs with areas of either shunt or poor ventilation. American Review of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 151:A44.
22. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Kendrick, K.F., Leigh, J.S., Wagner, P.D. (1995). Hypoxia proportionately reduces muscle VO2max and myoglobin-PO2: Evidence that O2max is dependent on O2. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 9:A351.
23. Noyszewski, E.A., Kendrick, K.F., Richardson, R.S., Wagner, P.D., and Leigh, J.S. (1995). Role of transcapillary gradient in regulating oxygen delivery during exercise in human muscle. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 9:A351.
24. Richardson, R.S., Saltin, B., Bangsbo, J, Richter, E.A., and Rowell, L.B. (1995). New insights into the control of human muscle blood flow and metabolism studied in vivo. Symposium. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:S63.
25. Richardson, R.S., Kennedy, B., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). High muscle blood flows are not reduced by recruitment of additional muscle. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 27:S32.
26. Poole, D.C., Grassi, B., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Erickson, B.K., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). Muscle O2 uptake in humans: Dissociation between O2delivery and uptake. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 9:A358.
27. Frank, L.R., Haesler, L.J., Richardson, R.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1995). Functional muscular changes during knee-extensor exercise: confirmation of quadriceps isolation. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Proceedings 3:1090.
28. Wagner, P.D., Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E., Kendrick, K.F., and Leigh, J. (2000). Intracellular PO2 of Skeletal muscle during exercise: Relationship to maximal oxygen consumption. Eur. Respir. J. Suppl. 19:460S.
29. Richardson, R.S., Frank, L.R., and Haseler, L.J. (1996). How well does dynamic knee-extensor exercise isolate quadriceps muscle recruitment? Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28:S54.
30. Grassi, B., Poole, D.C., Richardson, R.S., Knight, D.R., Erickson, B.K., and Wagner, P.D. (1996). European Journal of Physiology 431:R345.
31. Richardson, R.S., Jordan, M.C., Haseler, L.J., Tagor, K.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1996). VO2max is increased with a right shift in the O2 dissociation curve. The Physiologist 39:A21.
32. Eaton, K.D., Videen, J.S., Richardson, R.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1996). Prediction of end-exercise using post exercise recovery data. The Physiologist 39:A56.
33. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner,P.D. (1997). Myoglobin as a determinant of maximal mitochondrial O2 consumption. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:S272.
34. Wagner, P.D., Grassi, B., Gavin, T.P., Haseler, L.J., Tagore, K., Rocca, J., Moore, G., and Richardson, R.S. (1997). Hyperoxia increases VO2max in the isolated human quadriceps. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:S247.
35. Haseler, L.J., Richardson, R.S., Wagner, P.D., and Hogan, M.C. (1997). Depletion of muscle [PCr] is greater in constant load submaximal exercise during hypoxia than normoxia. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 29:S181.
36. Wagner, P.D., Gavin, T.P., Haseler, L.J., Tagore, K., and Richardson, R.S. (1998). Untrained skeletal muscle VO2max is not determined by O2 supply. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 12:A416.
37. Poole, D.C., Richardson, R.S., and Mathieu-Costello, O. (1998). Effects of chronic inspired hypoxia on diaphragm capillary in emphysema. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 12:A20.
38. Leek, B.T., Mudaliar, S.R.D., and Richardson, R.S. (1998). Effects of acute exercise on citrate synthase activity as an aerobic marker. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:S205.
39. Richardson, R.S., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Mathieu-Costello, O., and Wagner, P.D. (1998). VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise in skeletal muscle is attenuated following chronic training. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:S50.
40. Richardson, R.S., Hepple, R.T., Harms, C.A., and Grassi, B. (1998). Skeletal muscle: master or slave of the cardiovascular system. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30:S1.
41. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1998). Exercise training reduces skeletal muscle intracellular PO2 at maximal exercise in hypoxia, normoxia, and hyperoxia. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Proceedings 6:1791.
42. Haseler, L.J., Hogan, M.C., and Richardson, R.S. (1998). Ramp Sq Wve. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Proceedings 6:1790.
43. Richardson, R.S., Leek, B.T., Haseler L.J., Gavin, T.P., Sheldon, J., Entin, P.L., Oflert, I.M., Reis, A.L., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Normal skeletal muscle function in patients with COPD when exercise is not centrally limited. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31:S276.
44. Leek, B.T., Haseler, L.J., Gavin, T.P., Wagner, P.D., and Richardson, R.S. (1999). Evidence of a decrease in both convective and diffusive muscle oxygen transport with aging. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 31:S277.
45. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., Leigh, J.S., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Exercise training shifts the determinants of VO2max from metabolic capacity to O2 supply dependence The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 13:A414.
46. Esposito, F., Brutsaert, T.D., Entin, P.L., Gavin, T.P., Homma, S., Richardson, R.S., Shabetai, R., and Wagner, P.D. (1999). Factors limiting maximal oxygen consumption in chronic heart failure patients. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 13:A412.
47. Haseler, L.J., Hogan, M.C., Richardson, R.S. (1999). Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery in humans is dependent on O2 availability. Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 31:S278.
48. Gonzalez-Alonso, J., Richardson, R.S., and Saltin, B. (2000). Effect of carbon monoxide on muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise in humans. J. Physiol. 523:218-219.
49. Richardson, R.S., González-Alonso, J.B., and Saltin, B. (2000). Uncoupling of maximal muscle blood flow from maximal work. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 32:S128.
50. Quintela, E., Newcomer, S.C., Leek, B., and Richardson, R.S. (2000). Citrate synthase activity in activity in skeletal muscle: Response to acute exercise. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 32:S320.
51. González-Alonso, J., Richardson, R.S., and Saltin, B. (2000). Effect of carbon monoxide on muscle blood flow and oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise in humans. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 14:A669.
52. Haseler, L.J., Henderson, P.C., Lin, A.P., and Richardson, R.S. (2000). Limitations to skeletal muscle function in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: Studied by 31P-MRS. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 14:A324.
53. Haseler, L.J., Lin, A.P., and Richardson, R.S. (2000). Evidence of O2demand limitation in sedentary subjects: As measured by 31P-MRS. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 32:S320.
54. Richardson, R.S., Musch, T.I., Mathieu-Costello, O., Poole, D.C., and Grassi, B. (2000). Skeletal muscle: Dysfunction or disuse in cardiopulmonary disease? Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 32:S343.
55. Richardson, R.S., Newcomer, S.C., and Noyszewski, E.A. (2000). Muscle intracellular PO2, response to graded exercise. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 14:A324.
56. Richardson, R.S., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry, R., Wagner, H., and Wagner, P.D. (2000). VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Myologie (Nice).
57. Esposito, F., Entin, P.L., Gavin, T.P., Richardson, R.S., Shabetai, R., and Wagner, P.D. (2000). Response to knee-extensor (small muscle mass) training in chronic heart failure. The Physiologist 43:364.
58. Richardson, R.S., Haseler, L.J., Bluml, S., and Frank, L. (2001). Local perfusion and metabolic demand during exercise: A non-invasive MRI method of assessment. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Proceedings.
59. Haseler, L.J., Lin, A.P., Greene, D.R., and Richardson, R.S. (2001). Incomplete restoration of PCr following exercise relates to degree of ischemia. Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 31:S278.
60. Richardson, R.S., Noyszewski, E.A., González-Alonso, J., and Saltin, B. (2001). Benign effects of mild carbon monoxide poisoning on skeletal muscle: Intracellular evidence. Med. Sci. Sports and Exerc. 33:S327.
61. Hogan, M.C., Stary, C.M., Haseler, L.J., and Richardson, R.S. (2001). Muscle performance with varied intracellular PO2: From whole body to single cell. Marseilles, MR meeting, ESMRM Journal.
62. Richardson, R.S., and Noyszewski, E.A. (2001). Skeletal muscle PO2and exercise. Marseilles, MR meeting, ESMRM Journal.
63. Brown, C.F., Haseler, L.J., Hoff, J., Camargo, M., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Effects of small muscle mass short term endurance training on phosphocreatine sparing and recovery. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 34:S241.
64. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Kim, J., Brown, C.F., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Vascular endothelial reactivity mediated by [HbO2]: The effects of exercise training on sedentary subjects. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 34:S32.
65. Poole, J.G., Lawrenson, L., J. Kim, C.F. Brown, J. Gonzalez-Alonso, and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Vascular endothelial reactivity mediated by [HbO2]: The effect of physical activity. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 34:S32.
66. Bailey, D.M., Davies, B., Young, I.S., Jackson, M.J., Davison, G.W., Isaacson, R., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). EPR spectroscopic evidence for free radical outflow from exercising human skeletal muscle. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 34:S241.
67. Olfert, M., Poole, J.G., Mudaliar, S.R.D., Henry R., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Skeletal muscle VEGF mRNA response to changes in oxyhemoglobin concentration. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 16:A1137.
68. Poole, J.G., Lawrenson, L., Brown, C.F., Barden, J., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Leg blood flow during submaximal and maximal large-muscle-mass exercise in sedentary humans. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 16:A764.
69. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Brown, C.F., Barden, J., and Richardson, R.S. (2002). Vascular endothelial reactivity mediated by [HbO2]: The effects of age. The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 16:A766.
70. Richardson, R.S., Camargo, M., Brown, C.F., and Haseler, L.J. (2003). Metabolic adaptations in young and old subjects to short-term training. Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Proceedings 35:S110.
71. Barden, J., Poole, J.G., Lawrenson, L., Brown, C., Seng S., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). Is vasodilation maximized during maximal small muscle mass exercise? Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 35:S109.
72. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Kim, J., Barden J., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). The role of age and activity in vascular responsiveness. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 35:S397.
73. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Kim, J., Barden J., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). Central Vs peripheral limitations to muscle VO2max in aging subjects The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 17:A1279.
74. Barden, J., Poole, J.G., Lawrenson, L., Brown, C., Seng, S., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). Achievement of metabolic limitation to exercise in trained skeletal muscle The F.A.S.E.B. Journal 17:A955.
75. Wislof, U, Richardson, R.S., and Brubakk, A.O. (2003). Fit rats get around the bends: Nitric oxide as a possible mediator. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 35:S164.
76. Wagner, P.D., Lawrenson, L., Barden, J., Poole, J.G., Gavin, T.P., Seng, S., Brown, C., and Richardson, R.S. (2003). Effects of small muscle mass training on small muscle mass function in COPD. Amer. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 167:A962, 2003.
77. Bailey, D.M., Lawrenson, L., James, P., Jackson, S., Henry, R., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) EPR spectroscopic detection of semiquinone radicals in human skeletal muscle; focus on age and exercise. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S270.
78. Montano, M.J., Lawrenson, L., Henry, R., and Richardson, R.S. (2004). Knee-extensor exercise and skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity in COPD patients. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S36.
79. Uberoi, A., Warner, M., Haseler, L.J., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) Effect of exercise and hyperoxia on skeletal muscle metabolism in COPD. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S210.
80. Haseler, L.J., Hoff, J., Camargo, M., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) Phosphocreatine onset and recovery kinetics in aging skeletal muscle: effect of short term endurance training. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S358.
81. Hogan, M.C., Kindig, C.A., Richardson, R.S., and Haseler, L.J. (2004) Effect of varied FIO2 on phosphocreatine hydrolysis at exercise onset in humans Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S342.
82. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Olfert, M., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) The role of PO2, HbO2 and exercise in human VEGF mRNA expression. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 36:S52.
83. Lawrenson, L., Poole, J.G., Barden, J., Uberoi, A., Wagner, P.D., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) COPD patients reveal attenuated muscle plasticity following isolated quadriceps training. Physiologist 47:346-347.
84. Wray, D.W., Uberoi, A., Lawrenson, L., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) Role of limb measurement site in vascular responsiveness during dynamic exercise. Physiologist 47:281-282.
85. Uberoi, A., Wray, D.W., Lawrenson, L., Bailey, D.M., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) Role of free radicals in the attenuated exercise blood flow associated with age. Physiologist 47:285.
86. Esposito, F., Mathieu-Costello, O., Shabetai, R., Wagner., H., Wagner, P.D., and Richardson, R.S. (2004) Muscle structure, function and angiongenic response to exercise in chronic heart failure patients. The Physiologist 47:351.
5. Invited Lectures.
Richardson, R.S. (1991). Physiological Testing of Elite Athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Academy XV. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.
Richardson, R.S. (1991). Exercise: Membership has its Privileges! American Express, Salt Lake City, UT.
Richardson, R.S. (1991). Exercise Physiology for the Athlete. Spring Performance Clinic. Salt Lake City, UT.
Richardson, R.S. (1992). The "Link" Between Nutrition and Exercise. The Latter Day Saints Church, Salt Lake City, UT.
Richardson, R.S. (1991). Nutrition and Fluid Balance: Concepts for the Athlete. Summer Performance Clinic. Salt Lake City, UT.
Richardson, R.S. (1993). Physiology of Performance. U.S.A. Visa Decathlon Team, Tempe, AZ.
Richardson, R.S. (1993). Human Muscle Blood Flow in Exercise: New Insights. Department of Exercise and Sport Research Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
Richardson, R.S. (1994). In vivo studies of oxygen supply and demand in human muscle. School of Medicine, The Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Richardson, R.S. (1995). Oxygen transport: Air to Muscle cell. American College of Sports Medicine, Minneapolis, MN. Symposium.
Richardson, R.S. (1998). VO2max: Governed by oxygen delivery or demand? American College of Sports Medicine, Orlando, FL. Symposium.
Richardson, R.S. (1998). Oxygen Transport from Air to Cell. Southwest Chapter American College for Sports Medicine, La Vegas, Symposium.
Richardson, R.S. (1999). Skeletal muscle in chronic respiratory diseases. European Respiratory Society Research Seminar, Rome, Italy.
Richardson, R.S. (1999). Myoglobin measurements: Access to intracellular PO2. Oxygen transport and utilization. Acta Physiological Scandinavica Symposium, Copenhagen Denmark.
Richardson, R.S. (1999). Oxygen transport and metabolism in exercising Human skeletal muscle. August Krogh Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Richarson, R.S. (1999). Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake. Odense University, Odense, Denmark.
Richardson, R.S. (1999). Maximal oxygen uptake: limitations and determinants. University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Richardson, R.S. (2000). Oxygen transport and blood flow during exercise in humans. University of Kobe, Kobe, Japan.
Richardson, R.S. (2000). Metabolism and blood flow during exercise in humans. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Richardson, R.S. (2001). Skeletal muscle intracellular PO2and exercise. International Workshop: Non Invasive Investigation of muscle function. Marseilles, France.
Richardson, R.S. (2001). Exercise training adaptations and VEGF gene expression. University of Tskuba, Tskuba, Japan.
Richardson, R.S. (2001). VEGF gene expression and exercise training adaptation. International sports science network forum. Nagano, Japan.
Richardson, R.S. (2001). Evolving techniques for the investigation of bioenergetics and oxygenation. Royal Biochemical and Physiological Society joint meeting. York, England.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). Bioenergetics perfusion and oxygenation in skeletal muscle. Groupe Hospitalier Pitiè-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). Skeletal muscle – master or slave of the cardiovascular system? University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). The effect of CHF and COPD on the metabolic capacity of human skeletal muscle. University of Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). The effect of CHF and COPD on the metabolic capacity of human skeletal muscle. Norwegian Sports Medicine and Occupational Therapy Conference, Trondheim, Norway.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). Skeletal muscle – master or slave of the cardiovascular system? Norwegian Sports Medicine and Occupational Therapy Conference, Trondheim, Norway.
Richardson, R.S. (2002). Exercise and aging: From bench to bedside. American College of Chest Physicians, San Diego.
Richardson, R.S. (2003). MRS AND MRI: Bioenergetics and oxygenation. University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Richardson, R.S. (2003). Vascular function during exercise and age. University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Richardson, R.S. (2003). Exercise and the integration of muscle systems. Experimental Biology, San Diego.
Richardson, R.S. (2003). Changes in intracellular PO2 with exercise: Evidence from MRS Experimental Biology, San Diego.
6. Consultant
Chance, B. et al. 1991-1996: Optical Ranging of Hb/Mb in Tissues. (NIH HL 44125).
Moore, G. 1994-1999: Exercise in CHF patients (NIH, CIDA).
U.S.A. Visa Decathlon Team: Team Physiologist 1995-1996.
7. Professional Societies
American College of Sports Medicine
South West District American College of Sports Medicine
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Last updated May 4, 2005.
©2005 Russell St. John Richardson. All rights reserved.
